About surface drainage on city streets: types, purpose and rules of arrangement

Removing rainwater from the streets is one of the most pressing issues for residents of many cities.It rained a little, but it was no longer possible to reach the entrance - a huge puddle had formed on the way. The situation is familiar to you, isn't it? But how can you get rid of it?

The solution to the problem lies in the proper arrangement of surface drainage on city streets. What is it and what other problems does this system solve? We will discuss all the issues in our article. We will tell you about the design of linear and point drainage, and provide recommendations for choosing suitable materials. We will also touch upon the issue of design, legislative regulation and installation of the system.

The content of the article:

What problems does a drainage system solve?
- Advantages of surface drainage
- Disposal of wastewater from various objects
Types and arrangement of surface drainage
Subtleties of system design and installation
- How is a drainage project drawn up?
- Key rules for installing the system
Regulatory requirements for drainage arrangement
Conclusions and useful video on the topic

What problems does a drainage system solve?

The problem of removing rain and melt water, as well as wastewater from watering and washing streets, is quite relevant in a modern city. To solve this problem, a surface drainage system is installed - a set of trays, sand traps, drainage wells and other elements of engineering equipment assembled into a single drainage system.

Advantages of surface drainage

The drainage system effectively removes excess moisture and water from precipitation, sending it away from residential buildings, roads, parks, and public gardens. This allows you to relieve the hydraulic load on roads and foundations of apartment buildings and cottages.And, as a result, extend their service life by 2-3 times.

It is clear about the problems that arise due to improperly arranged drainage or its complete absence in the following photo selection.

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The absence of a drainage system on city streets or its improper functioning leads to unpleasant consequences, which, unfortunately, are witnessed by residents of many cities

Flooding of the basement of an apartment building is also a fairly common occurrence. From which residents of many cities suffer. Therefore, if at the construction stage a surface drainage system was not equipped, then it is worth thinking about its arrangement

Insufficient drainage of groundwater or regular flooding of the basement of a residential building leads to increased humidity levels, the appearance of mold and, as a result, the formation of an unhealthy microclimate in the basement and in apartments on the ground floor of the building

The ingress of melt water and high groundwater levels - all this negatively affects the foundation of both an apartment building and a private building. As a result, this structural element fails too quickly - cracks appear, which can soon lead to complete destruction if measures are not taken in time

Well-appointed recreational areas for citizens can suffer greatly as a result of regular flooding. Excess moisture has a detrimental effect on the root system of shrubs, trees and flowers

Untimely drainage of wastewater from a flower bed results in excess moisture, which has an extremely negative effect on decorative varieties of plants and flowers. Instead of an elegant flowerbed, a dirty swamp is formed

The lack of drainage in the park, square and other favorite recreational areas for citizens makes it impossible to improve the area. After rain, excess water is not removed in a timely manner - as a result, the soil sags and fails.

Without surface drainage, even the road surface fails too quickly - there is a lot of water, it is removed extremely slowly, actively washes away the soil and sections of the road simply collapse

Street flooded

Basement flooded

Mold in the basement

Cracks in the foundation

Plantings are flooded

Flowerbed destroyed

The tile is crumpled

Dips in the road

As you can see, a properly designed and well-assembled drainage system has a number of advantages:

You can improve the area by planting flowers, shrubs, and arranging recreation areas.
The system allows you to protect the foundation of buildings from destruction and increase the repair interval.
Water will not accumulate and stagnate in basements and basement floors, which will extend their service life.
Not increasing the humidity level will prevent the formation and spread of mold, mildew and other harmful microorganisms.
Timely drainage will avoid soil washout and extend the life of the road surface and paving slabs.

In other words, the presence of surface drainage allows citizens to create comfortable operating conditions for streets, adjacent areas, recreation and entertainment areas.

Disposal of wastewater from various objects

Due to frequent and sometimes intense precipitation, the issue of drainage is especially relevant - within the city, even 2 mm of precipitation produces runoff.The reason for this is waterproof coatings, which are present in large quantities - this is asphalt on roads and in courtyards, roofs of houses, etc.

Therefore, it is so important to promptly collect surface water from local areas, parking lots, train stations, parks, squares, roads, bridges and other objects. What the drainage system successfully copes with, collecting wastewater and directing it to treatment plants.

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The airport also needs to install a reliable drainage system. Moreover, due to the enormous load, the construction material must have high strength. Runway load class – F900

The surface drainage system on bridges is also a mandatory item at the design and construction stage. They are also subject to increased strength requirements. Depending on the purpose of the bridge, the load class corresponds to E600, F900

When constructing roads, a mandatory condition is the arrangement of surface drainage. But these requirements are not always met in practice. Therefore, lack of drainage is one of the reasons why most roads are in poor condition. Motorway load class – E600

Sports complexes must be equipped with a drainage system. Moreover, they do not use just one type, but combine several drainage systems at once to achieve ideal conditions and ensure complete safety for spectators and athletes.

In parks, squares and public gardens, linear drainage is required. This measure allows you to quickly remove runoff from precipitation and melt water, preventing the formation of puddles, stagnation of water and deformation of the coating. When paving paving stones, the load class for the drainage system is A15

Underground parking should be comfortable for users. Therefore, when arranging them, it is important to have an effective drainage system, which will allow wastewater to be removed in a timely manner. Load class for such objects is B125

When landscaping the local area, a drainage scheme must be included in the project. This will allow you to keep your flower beds and paving in perfect condition. Load class – A15

To prevent water from stagnating and dirt forming on the territory of industrial facilities, such areas also require effective drainage. When assembling systems, especially durable materials are used that can withstand significant loads when moving heavy wastewater equipment. Load class – E600

Airport drainage system

Drainage from bridges

Highway drainage

Linear stadium drainage

Drainage system on the square

Underground parking with linear drainage

Linear and point drainage

Drainage of industrial facilities

The importance of drainage from various areas in a city is difficult to overestimate. Thanks to a well-equipped system for collecting melt and surface runoff, the hydraulic load is reduced, which has a positive effect on the external condition of structures and objects, on the intervals between repairs and the duration of the overall service life.

Types and arrangement of surface drainage

The surface drainage system can be point or linear. Most often, to ensure the effective functioning of drainage, these two types of drainage are combined. Next, we will consider what elements such systems consist of. We will also talk about the materials from which individual elements for assembling the system are made, and the rules for choosing the right one.

Features of linear drainage

The linear type of drainage system allows you to quickly remove wastewater from a large area, for example, along the perimeter of an apartment building, stadium or from the road surface.

The linear drainage system consists of stormwater inlets, protective gratings, sand retention containers (sand traps) and other structural elements. The installed system is connected to the sewer system.

Grids covering the top of the drainage tray protect it from the penetration of large debris and guarantee the safety of pedestrians and vehicles.

All components for assembling the drainage system are made of fiber-reinforced concrete, concrete, polymer concrete, plastic, and stainless steel. Depending on the installation location and expected loads, products of the standard or reinforced series are selected.

Let's look at their features example of Standardpark products, consisting of a basic and enhanced series.

Series products Basic (standard) are intended for use in low-traffic conditions - park areas, transitional sidewalks, sports facilities, cottages and landscaping of local areas. Load class A15-C250, which corresponds to a weight of up to 25 tons.

The hydraulic cross-section of the trays is 100-300 mm. Material for manufacturing elements: polymer concrete, fiber concrete, plastic (trays), stainless steel, galvanized steel, copper, cast iron (protective grilles).

Series Drive (reinforced) – products are designed for operation under conditions of increased load from 25 to 60 tons, strength class from C250 to E600. Intended for use in areas with heavy traffic, including heavy freight transport. Made from plastic, polymer concrete and durable concrete.The hydraulic section (the width of the product structure) is 100, 150 and 200 mm.

Trays and protective grilles are available in different colors and sizes. They are installed along roads, along the perimeter of houses and cottages, to collect wastewater from the local area

Strengthened series Max differs from the previous ones in its increased level of load - the products have a high strength class D400, E600 or F900, which allows them to withstand loads of up to 90 tons.

Reinforced concrete, polymer concrete and plastic are used for manufacturing, reinforcing the trays with galvanized attachments. The gratings are made of impact-resistant cast iron.

A special feature of the Max series products is the possibility of mounting bolts and nuts. This design ensures high maintainability of linear drainage

What does point drainage consist of?

Another type of surface drainage is local storm water inlets (point, local). They, like the linear system, collect wastewater to further direct it into the storm drain. But collection occurs at one point - under a drainpipe, under a watering tap, at the entrance to the house, at the entrance and other places where puddles are most likely to form.

The device and main structural elements of the point system can be found in the following image.

The point type of drainage allows you to effectively collect runoff into a storm water inlet. Which is covered on top with a protective grille made of durable material

Let's look at the characteristics of products for assembling a point system using the example of Standartpark products:

Standard Series Basic – a point drainage system, including a plastic rain collector and a water intake grid. It can be equipped with an additional waste collection basket and a siphon partition.The structures are designed for installation in places with low load - light traffic of cars and pedestrians.
Strengthened series Max designed for high and ultra-high loads. Stormwater containers (wells) are made of polymer concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete, reinforced with galvanized steel caps. The gratings for protecting the rainwater inlet are made of heavy-duty cast iron, which corresponds to the load class D400 E600 and F900.

Storm water inlets can be used as sand traps or drainage wells. To build a well, you need to install several containers on top of each other, thus increasing the required length. Multi-section storm water inlets are also used as inspection wells.

Point elements can be mounted together with a linear system - the reinforced series is suitable as sand traps for reinforced trays, the hydraulic cross-section of which is 300, 400, 500 mm.

The design of reinforced storm water inlets allows connection to sewer pipes. Additionally, the rainwater container can be equipped with a removable waste basket. Which is easy to take out and clean as you fill it

If you are interested in arranging drainage for domestic use, we recommend that you look at the information on manufacturing and connection homemade drainage well.

Recommendations for choosing materials

terms of Use – a fundamental criterion that should be relied upon when selecting system elements. Therefore, it is so important to consider where exactly the system will be installed, what loads are expected, and the climatic features of the region.

Let's talk in more detail about the nuances that should be taken into account when choosing equipment for installing a surface drainage system, and especially trays and protective grilles:

load class;
hydraulic calculation;
throughput;
distance to the collector.

Strength class (load) is the maximum permissible weight under which the product will not lose its performance. When producing trays, they are guided by the EN 1433 standard.

Water consumption or hydraulic calculation calculated in l/s, the calculation of which takes into account:

precipitation intensity according to SNiP 2.04.03-85;
drainage surface coefficient;
drainage area;
standard precipitation level in the region.

Also no less important is the parameter bandwidth tray - that is, its ability to drain a certain volume of runoff per second. This is especially important during heavy rainfall or intense snow melting. For example, with a hydraulic diameter of 200 mm, the drainage capacity of a plastic tray is about 18 l/s; for a concrete and polymer concrete product, this figure is up to 11 l/s.

When measuring the distance of the drainage system from the place where the waste is received before it is sent to the collector, the slope angle must be calculated, which directly affects the speed of water flow

It is important that the high drainage capacity corresponds to the safety margin of the individual elements from which the drainage system is assembled.

Subtleties of system design and installation

Drawing up a project and installing a drainage system is an initial task that should be performed at the beginning of construction.At the same time, it is important to approach the issue of wastewater drainage, both in the city and on a country estate, in a comprehensive manner, taking care immediately of surface drainage, arrangement of storm drainage, household wastewater drainage, and landscaping of the territory.

How is a drainage project drawn up?

When designing a surface drainage system, you will need to take into account a number of factors, including topography, amount of precipitation, soil type, depth of groundwater, type of object, purpose and operating conditions of the object.

To draw up a project, you should contact the design service, whose specialists will draw up a project in accordance with the norms and requirements of SNiP.

Why do you need to provide the following documents:

General plan of the site, which shows the dimensions and location of all buildings and structures.
Site plan with topographical survey of the area, indicating the location of the wastewater storage tank/drainage well.
Technical report on the engineering and geological conditions of the territory.

When drawing up a project, specialists will definitely select the appropriate equipment for arranging the system, indicating the strength class and the required number of structural elements.

The diagram shows an example of a technical solution for drainage with trays through stairs using a reinforced series for arranging linear drainage

Design consists of calculations and selection of the optimal location for laying linear drainage.

The project includes the following calculations and diagrams:

Placement of linear drainage trays.
Calculation of the hydraulic cross-section of trays, selection of their optimal location.
Locations of sectional storm water inlets, taking into account the expected points of maximum wastewater discharge.
Connection points for drainage pipes (their slope angle) and inspection wells, indicating their location on the plan.
Installation diagrams for all elements of the drainage system - trays, storm water inlets, inspection wells.
A comprehensive list of all elements necessary for arranging the system - trays, storm water inlets, pipes, wells, hatches and all components.

Such a project will allow the implementation of an effective surface drainage system for a specific area. For an example, you can go to the following link and see an example point drainage.

We have other articles on the design of drainage systems on our website:

Key rules for installing the system

The installation of the system is carried out in accordance with the approved project and taking into account the recommendations of the specific manufacturer from whom the elements of the surface drainage system are purchased. By the way, it is best to purchase all components from one manufacturer whose products suit you in terms of their characteristics and price category.

Next, we will briefly consider the basic rules and stages of installing a surface drainage system.

First, workers manually lay and seal water pipelines using special grips. Then a concrete “cushion” is poured into the trench, the thickness of which is indicated in the recommendations of the tray manufacturer. A cord is used to mark the line for laying trays for drainage assembly.

The first step is to install sand traps, and then proceed to install the trays, installing them end-to-end. All connection points are sealed.

During installation, it is important to ensure that the edges of all gutters are 3 mm below the coating level. A protective grille is installed on top of them, which is fixed with bolts/clamps included in the kit.

The linear drainage system is connected to the general sewerage system through sand traps. It is also important to provide point drainage in places where water drains from the pipe.

As for the installation time of the system, specialists, if the amount of work involved is insignificant, can even be completed in one day.

Are you interested in the issue of arranging drainage systems in a private home? In this case, we recommend that you read this article.

Regulatory requirements for drainage arrangement

The arrangement of surface drainage in a modern city is regulated by a number of documents, starting with design and ending with requirements for the quality of materials and their technical characteristics.

For example, sports complexes and sports grounds are under the influence of the Technical Committee of the International Association of Athletics Federation. Therefore, control over the installation of drainage systems is carried out by this organization

Next, let's look at the main ones:

Arrangement of external sewerage networks – SNiPa 2.06.15-85.
Design of systems for protecting territories from flooding and flooding – SP 104.13330.2016.
General standards for construction and improvement of urban areas Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004 N 190-FZ.
General rules for the construction of buildings, structures and utilities – SNiP 12-01-2004.
Drainage systems for road construction – STO 221 NOSTROY 2.25.103-2015.
Installation of drainage networks during the construction of airfields – STO 221 NOSTROY 2.25.114-2015.
And other legal acts.

General requirements for materials for the construction of drainage systems are set out in GOST 33068-2014 (EN 13252:2005). Recommendations for the calculation of drainage systems during road construction are regulated by ODM 218.2.055-2015. Technical conditions for storm water inlets are set out in GOST 3634-99.

Persons responsible for cleaning the relevant areas are responsible for cleaning and cleaning gutters, gutters, pipes, drains and other engineering structures designed to drain surface and ground water from yards.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

A guide to setting up a surface drainage system can be viewed in the following video:

A properly designed and installed drainage system will allow landscaped areas of a modern city to maintain an attractive appearance, garden plots And private households. It will also extend the service life of roads, bridges, building foundations and residential buildings, reducing the hydraulic load on structures. But to create a drainage project, it is better to contact specialists who will take into account the type of soil, climatic features and a number of other important points.

Do you have your own opinion about the feasibility of installing a drainage system? Or would you like to supplement the above material with useful recommendations and facts? Write your comments, participate in discussions - the comment form is located a little lower.