How to make heating using waste oil with your own hands: diagrams and principles of arrangement

Any waste, which for an ordinary person is just garbage that needs to be disposed of, in the hands of a master can bring tangible material benefits.

For example, scraps of pipes of different sizes, an old gas cylinder and other metal scraps will be turned into a furnace, and waste oil will be turned into fuel. Organizing heating using waste oil with your own hands is not so difficult.

We will tell you about the main options for installing heating systems using waste fuel. The article we have proposed describes in detail how to manufacture home-made devices that have been tested in practice. Taking into account our recommendations, you can achieve optimal results.

General operating principle

If we want to get high-quality heating based on waste, we cannot simply take the oil and set it on fire, as it will smoke and stink. To avoid these unpleasant and hazardous side effects, you need to heat the fuel so that it begins to evaporate.

Volatile substances obtained as a result of heating will burn. This is the basic principle of operation of the heating unit during testing.

Application of perforated tube

To implement this principle, the design of the stove includes two chambers, which are connected to each other by a pipe with holes. Fuel enters the lower chamber through the filler hole, which is heated here. The resulting volatile substances rise up the pipe, becoming saturated with air oxygen through the perforation.

A schematic diagram of a two-chamber stove with a connecting perforated pipe allows you to understand exactly how a simple unit functions during mining

The resulting combustible mixture ignites in the chimney, and its complete combustion occurs in the upper afterburning chamber, separated from the chimney by a special partition. If the process technology is properly followed, virtually no soot or smoke is generated during combustion. But the heat will be enough to warm the room.

Using the plasma bowl

In order to achieve maximum efficiency of the process, you can go a more complicated route. Let us recall that our goal is to separate volatile components from the fuel by heating it.To do this, a metal bowl should be placed in the only chamber of the unit, which must not only be heated, but heated.

Through a special dispenser, waste will flow from the fuel tank into the chamber in a thin stream or drops. Once on the surface of the bowl, the liquid will instantly evaporate, and the resulting gas will burn.

The efficiency of this model is higher, since fuel supplied by drip burns better, and the problem of topping it up during the operation of the furnace disappears by itself

If everything is done correctly, the combustion of gases should be accompanied by a bluish-white flame. A similar flame can be observed when a plasma burns, which is why the red-hot bowl is often called a plasma bowl. And the technology itself is called drip feed: after all, fuel must be supplied in exclusively small doses.

With all the variety of designs, the operation of all heating units using waste fuel is based on the principle described above.

Balance of advantages and disadvantages

It would seem that the idea is practically devoid of shortcomings, but this is not so. To make an informed decision about using such heating in your home, you need to see not only the advantages of its use, but also the disadvantages.

Let's start with the advantages of the method. So, if you have regular access to waste fuel, which essentially is waste fuel, then you can effectively use and at the same time dispose of this material. Proper use of technology allows you to obtain heat with complete combustion of the material without releasing harmful substances into the atmosphere.

Other advantages include:

• simple design of the heating unit;
• low costs for fuel and equipment;
• the possibility of using any oil that is available on the farm: vegetable, organic, synthetic;
• flammable material can be used even if contaminants make up a tenth of its volume;
• high efficiency.

The disadvantages of the method should be taken seriously. If the process technology is not followed, incomplete combustion of the fuel may occur. Its fumes are dangerous to others.

If there were more disadvantages to heating during development than advantages, such factory-produced products would not appear on sale, which are sold like hot cakes, despite the fairly high prices

It is not for nothing that the main requirement when arranging heating during testing is the presence of ventilation in the room where the boiler will be operated.

We list other disadvantages:

• since good draft requires a high-quality chimney, it must be straight and its length must be at least five meters;
• the chimney and plasma bowl must be cleaned regularly and thoroughly;
• the difficulty of drip technology lies in the problematic ignition: at the time of fuel supply, the bowl should already be red-hot;
• operation of the boiler causes air drying and oxygen burnout;
• independent creation and use of hot water structures can help lower the temperature in the combustion zone, which jeopardizes the efficiency of the process as a whole.

To solve the last of the above problems, you can install a water jacket where it cannot affect the quality of combustion - on the chimney. The listed shortcomings have led to the fact that the product, without significant modifications, is practically not used for heating residential premises.

If you don’t have the desire or time to build a unit with your own hands, you can take advantage of numerous offers from workshops engaged in the production and installation of metal structures of various sizes:

Where to apply and how to modify?

Due to a significant list of disadvantages, waste oil heaters are rarely used in housing. Their use is possible only in utility rooms and in the case of a trouble-free operating supply and exhaust ventilation. But they are widely used for heating technical and production areas.

Motorists use them as heaters for garages, and then in the case of a good device hoods. Gardeners install them in greenhouses, livestock farmers install them in outbuildings. There is always a place for them at car washes, service stations, and warehouses where there are no flammable materials.

If the operation of a boiler during testing for heating residential premises raises concerns, then in the conditions of a garage, service station and car washes this model is always in demand

Often basic designs are subject to various kinds of modifications. For example, a water jacket or water heating coils are used for these purposes. Such equipment is included in water heating. Furnaces of this type must operate using automation, otherwise their functioning will have to be closely monitored.

Several successful homemade products

Using the basic design principle, you can always come up with a product that will best suit your own needs. We will try to offer you some options that are worthy not only of attention, but also of implementation.

Option #1 - with a ready-made body

This design may appeal to the home craftsman who has already mastered welding skills. Its essence lies in the use of a finished base as the body of the product - an oxygen or gas cylinder, pipe or barrel with thick walls.

To visualize the process of turning billets into a mining furnace, carefully consider the diagram below.

The product uses a plasma bowl and, therefore, drip feed technology. It is capable of producing approximately 15 kW of heat, which will heat up to 150 m² area.

You should not try to modernize this model with the goal of increasing its performance by increasing the air flow or changing the size of the combustion chamber. This can lead to an increase in the volume of soot and smoke, which is unsafe.

During the combustion process, the waste strongly heats the walls of the boiler body, as a result of which thin-walled products can simply burn out and become a fire hazard

First, we need to build the base of the model - its body. To do this, we need a pipe with a height of 780 mm, a diameter of 210 mm and with thick walls (at least 10 mm). We cut out the bottom of the case from a steel sheet (at least 5 mm). The diameter of the bottom circle is 219 mm. All that remains is to weld the bottom to one side of the body.

The legs that you have to weld to the bottom can be made from strong bolts. To monitor the combustion process inside the pipe and be able to start heating the bowl, you need to make an inspection window in the housing 70 mm from the bottom level. To do this, a hole should be cut in the housing of such a size that it is functional - convenient for the user.

The cut out part of the pipe will be used to make the opening door.You just need to weld a neat collar to it and lay an asbestos cord around its perimeter so that the door hermetically closes the hole. We secure the door to the body using bolts.

For the chimney you will need a pipe with a diameter of 108 mm with thick walls (4 mm). It should be welded to the body on the side opposite to the one where the inspection window is cut. Step back 7-10 cm from the top.

To make the lid, a round blank with a diameter of 228 mm is cut out of sheet metal (5 mm thick). A bead should be welded along the edge of the workpiece. To do this, you need a metal strip 3 mm thick and 40 mm wide. In the resulting lid we make another inspection hole on the side with a diameter of 18 mm. Its door will act as a safety valve.

In the center of the lid we cut out another hole with a diameter of 89 mm. An air supply pipe will be inserted into it, which is made from a piece 76 cm long, 89 mm in diameter, and 3 mm in wall thickness.

We perforate the workpiece. To do this, we retreat 5 cm from the edge and drill 9 holes with a diameter of 5 mm in a circle. After 5 cm, you need to make two more rows of holes - 8 in a row, diameter 4.2 mm. After another 5 cm we make a fourth row of holes - 9 pieces, diameter 3 mm.

To complete the next job we will need a grinder. Along the edge of the pipe, from which we retreated 5 cm, we cut slots 3 cm high and 1.6 mm thick. There should be 9 such slots around the circumference.

From the opposite end of the pipe, 5-7 mm from the edge, cut a hole 10 mm in diameter. A fuel supply pipe with a diameter of 10 mm and walls 1 mm thick will be inserted into it. As can be seen from the diagram, it enters the air pipe and ends at the same time as it.The length of this fuel line and its bend angle depend on the location of the oil tank.

The fuel and air supply pipe assembly is welded to the cover. When installed in the body of the product, it should not rest against the bottom, but not reach 12 cm to it.

Let's start making the plasma bowl. To do this, you will need a thick-walled pipe (4 mm thick) with a diameter of 133 mm. We cut off a 3 cm piece from it. From a steel sheet 2 mm thick, we cut out a round blank with a diameter of 219 mm. We weld the workpiece to the segment and get a bowl.

Actually, the stove is almost ready. All that remains is to collect it. To do this, place a bowl inside the body 7 cm from the bottom. It should now be clearly visible from the viewing window located below. From the window the bowl is set on fire. We place the cover with devices for supplying air and oil in the place provided for it.

The chimney, which will be connected to the corresponding pipe, is made from a pipe 4 mm thick and 114 mm in diameter. The length of the chimney must be at least 4 meters. Its unique feature can be considered its exclusively vertical location. There should be no inclined areas! The outer part of the chimney should be insulated.

This waste furnace is not made according to the scheme that we gave above, but its basis is also a spent gas cylinder

When the oil tank is installed, you can check the operation of the unit. To do this, place paper soaked in flammable fuel in a bowl and then set it on fire. At the final stage of paper combustion, you can begin to feed waste. It’s not for nothing that the diagram of this device is shown so similar. We want you to get a high-quality device that will please its creator for a long time with uninterrupted and safe operation.

The stages of constructing a waste oil boiler are described in detail in next article. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the technology for making homemade products, which will find application in country and countryside farming.

Option #2 – the most popular

This model is really popular among owners of cottages and garages. It's easy to do. It consists of two compartments (chambers). Fuel is poured into the bottom, which will be heated to form volatile gases. When they pass through a perforated pipe located between the compartments, the gases become saturated with oxygen and ignite.

When a mixture of gases burns in the upper compartment, the temperature can reach 800 degrees. Such heating requires active air supply. For this purpose, an inspection hole is provided in the lower compartment, through which fuel is also poured. To use it to regulate the air supply, a damper is needed.

All the dimensions of this most popular garage stove model for testing are shown in the diagram, but if it is easier for you to make square chambers, use the parameters indicated in the video that we posted at the end of the article

When gases pass from the bottom of the structure to the top, the mixture is saturated with oxygen through small holes (diameter 10 mm) in the pipe.

To carry out the work you should prepare:

• grinder with cutting and cleaning discs; The minimum disc diameter is 125 mm.
• hammer drill with a drill of at least 13 mm;
• welding machine (from 200 amperes) and a protective mask or goggles;
• sledgehammer;
• hammer, chisel and pliers;
• corner for legs;
• sheet steel;
• carrying;
• rivets.

The lower compartment is cut out from sheet iron and welded.An inspection window is cut out in it, through which fuel and air will flow inside. The valve for this hole is secured to the compartment body with a rivet.

During the assembly and welding process of the product, it is necessary to carefully check all seams for quality, because this model gets very hot during its operation.

A perforated connecting gas pipeline-pipe is welded to the lower chamber, to which the upper compartment with a removable lid is connected by welding. It is also cut out of sheet steel and welded. During the welding process, connections should be carefully checked for gaps.

The finished two-chamber oven looks very simple, but the efficiency of its operation is beyond doubt: it has already proven itself repeatedly

To give the structure better stability, metal corners are used. The chimney must be connected to the pipe strictly vertically. Check the work is finished stoves under development You can by pouring oil into the lower compartment. There it is set on fire, using ordinary paper for this purpose.

The following photo gallery will introduce you to one of the stove options in development, popular among motorists and garage owners. In order to understand the design features, we have attached a drawing with the dimensions of the homemade product.

Exhaust stoves heat much better than electric heaters. Moreover, their operating costs are generally zero.

According to the design dimensions, the master who built this model of the stove ordered metal cutting in the workshop. The turner drilled holes for him in the pipe. He just needed to assemble the parts, connecting them with welds:

Having completed the assembly of the parts of the upper and lower chambers, we proceed to connecting the stove modules into a single whole:

The operating process of a similar, but slightly modified stove can be seen in the video in the final part of this article.

Option #3 – small but remote

For large rooms, you need efficient stoves from the previous options. But there are also tiny units that can also do a lot. This homemade product weighs only 10 kg.

With a consumption of 0.5 liters of fuel per hour, it is capable of producing up to 6 kW of heat.You can heat it up even more, but you shouldn’t do this for safety reasons: it will explode. An excellent option for garage heating.

If you have an old gas cylinder, then it can become a fuel tank for this homemade product. The oil container is assembled from the top and bottom of this cylinder. It is recommended to keep the circular seam with a sealing ring, which will further increase the strength of the product.

On the left side there is a stove with all the parameters that will be useful to you in the process of its manufacture, and on the right side the finished product becomes the main part of the water heating

If there is no gas cylinder, then any other container with a height of 350 mm and a diameter of 200 to 400 mm will do. From it the fuel combustion tank will be welded.

To create an air-fuel mixture, we use a pipe whose walls are at least 4 mm thick. The cone can be welded from durable steel, with a thickness of 4 mm. The diagram shows all dimensions of the structure. They can be adjusted both smaller and larger, but not more than 2 cm.

Particular attention should be paid to the seams at the transition points to the cones: it is here that, due to the active combustion of the gas mixture, maximum heating can occur.

The chimney for this stove is made no more than 3.5 meters long, so that when creating too active draft, fuel is not drawn into the pipe. Such stretching can not only increase fuel consumption, but also reduce its heat transfer.

This homemade product can be used in hot water heating. To do this, as shown in the right figure of the diagram, a steel tube is wound around the fuel afterburning zone through which water will flow.

To prevent a significant decrease in the temperature of the gases, the coil is covered with a steel casing that reflects heat. The water heated in this way goes into the heating system.

You can also successfully use a gas cylinder in the manufacture potbelly stoves for garage. The technology of its assembly is described in detail in the article we have proposed.

Compliance with safety regulations

For safe operation of homemade heating during testing, it is necessary to pay special attention to the quality of the oil. It should not contain substances that are easily flammable - gasoline, acetone and others.

The quality of automobile waste, as a rule, leaves much to be desired. When using them, carbon deposits may form, which will have to be cleaned off from time to time.

You can see how hot a boiler can get that uses waste oil as fuel: you can’t dry socks near it, put a kettle of water or lay out dry boards

In addition, the following safety precautions should be observed.

• The chimney diameter should not be less than 10 cm. Preferable sandwich chimney: Less soot is deposited on its surface.
• There cannot be any flammable substances near the boiler, including the fuel tank. Only at a safe distance.
• Avoid getting water or other liquid into the chamber with hot oil. The consequences of such a leak are presented in the video in the final part of this article.
• During the operation of a boiler using waste oil, heating temperatures significantly exceed those achieved during the combustion of solid fuel. Therefore, thick-walled materials are chosen for this design.
• It is advisable to equip the boiler room with a forced air circulation system.

Do not leave the unit running unattended. This is an effective, but quite dangerous thing.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Master craftsmen make no secrets of their own achievements and are always ready to share their achievements and show homemade products at work. Pay attention to the video, which shows the same oven as in option #2, but with some modifications.

See how it works, what is the result of its use in external frost conditions to heat a fairly spacious garage space.

Once again, we draw your attention to the safety precautions that should be observed when using homemade stoves during testing.

Waste fuel, which you can get, if not completely for nothing, then for mere pennies, always attracts the attention of handy owners of garage workshops, greenhouses or other non-residential premises that require heating.

Yes, talented people can literally make a household item out of waste. But skill does not come from the outside: it is developed. Perhaps our information will help not only those who already know how, but also those who want to learn how to do everything with their own hands.

Would you like to share your own experience in constructing a heating device for testing? Do you have information that will be useful to site visitors who want to make a garage stove with their own hands? Please write comments in the block below, post photos on the topic, and ask questions.