Touch light switch: why is it needed, types, markings, selection and connection

Technological progress does not stand still and over time affects all spheres of human life. Home improvement was no exception.For example, a touch-sensitive light switch, which appeared quite recently, has already managed to occupy a worthy niche in everyday use.

The device not only increases the level of comfort, but also increases the service life of lighting fixtures, and is also a stylish design element.

Let's take a look at the operating principles and design features of these devices together. What points should you pay attention to when choosing and how to properly install a touch switch.

Design features and operating principle

The appearance of the classic model of an electronic switching device is almost identical to the touch panel and is a screen made of glossy electrochromic material (crystalline glass) with markings applied to it. There is a wide variety of design options, colors and configurations of devices.

Regardless of the external characteristics and the number of connected consumers, the structural design of the sensor device consists of the following main parts:

1. Controller or control unit. Behind the decorative front screen there is an active surface of the sensing element that responds to various stimuli.Based on the type of touch switch, the stimuli are: touching the object of influence, in some models approaching, clapping your hands, voice command.
2. Semiconductor converter. In the previous block, a signal is generated, which in this section is converted into an electrical signal of sufficient power to operate.
3. Switching part. By means of the switch, the main actions in the electrical circuit are carried out: opening, closing or smoothly regulating the degree of load supplied to the lamp.

Based on the design of the electronic product, its operating principle is obvious: by lightly touching the panel with your fingers, a signal is produced, which is converted and causes the relay to turn on.

Additional functions built into a universal touch-type switch are often used to equip a smart home system: control of the operation of heating devices, opening/closing window roller shutters and others

Distinctive features of a touch device

The electronic device belongs to the high-tech generation of devices, the main purpose of which is to control illumination. The principle of its operation is based on adjusting the current using a microcircuit, while conventional switches use standard type sliding contacts.

Due to such a board, the formation of a short circuit is eliminated. This means that the service life of the lamps, as well as the life of the switch itself, is significantly increased.

Household modifications of electronic switching devices are used in networks with a voltage of 220 V. They are used to connect sconces, control and adjust the backlight or main illumination

Maximum convenience of controlling lighting devices is the main advantage of a touch (electronic) switch.

It differs from the usual one by the presence of a special sensor, which served as the basis for the name of this type. A sensor located in the structure detects the radiated heat of the hands and responds to touch or to a sound signal.

Sensory mechanisms can be found almost everywhere in everyday life. This modern sensor allows you to monitor various activities

Since the sensory sensing element itself is not capable of reproducing signals sufficient to start adjusting the lighting equipment directly, the device uses amplification devices. Such conductors are transistors or other alternative elements.

To distribute amplifiers, a cascade placement method is used:

1. The first place in the circuit, immediately after the sensor, is occupied by a transistor with high sensitivity and low power.
2. Next in the oscillatory circuit is a similar mechanism, but with lower susceptibility, but with sufficient power to transfer a large load to the element.

Quite often, electronic switches use galvanic isolation of the control circuit, where the control signal is sent through optical radiation - an optocoupler. Thus, the fragile part of the mechanism, namely the sensors, is separated from the power part.

It is also possible to use the radio range, where commands are sent via the air protocols of the involved wireless network, for example, BlueTooth or Wi-Fi.

The sensor has a current strength of only a few milliamps, which is insufficient even to transmit a signal to the base of the transistor. Therefore, amplifiers are used to send commands in the touch switch

The active elements that make up the electronic switch can be powered using batteries or the mains. However, for the second option, it will be necessary to perform certain manipulations to rectify the mains voltage and then cut it to the required level.

The simplest example is a semiconductor Zener diode. In rare cases, you can find a built-in full-fledged switching power supply.

Types of electronic switching products

Despite the fact that touch switches are divided into six main types, only three are used in everyday life, namely: capacitive, optical and high-frequency. Let's look at them in more detail.

Capacitive devices - extravagance or necessity?

The capacitive type works as a light sensor and is capable of registering the presence of an object at a set distance. The device is mounted instead of standard light switches, but does not require pressing a button/key mechanism to operate.

The essence of the work is based on the following algorithm of actions: when the hand approaches the sensitive area of ​​the touch screen, generally 40-50 mm, the device executes the given command - it adjusts the lighting equipment, turning it on or off. Some options require a light touch to the active switch panel.

The Chinese company Suntruth Electrical is one of the few market representatives specializing in the production of touch switches installed in place of conventional

For some, such functionality will be perceived as overkill, but many consumers, especially their female counterparts, appreciate the essence of such a mechanism.

For example, if in the process of cooking in the kitchen you need to turn on additional lighting, then a slight movement of your hand, no matter if it is wet or dirty, can easily control the electronic switch.

The main representatives of capacitive electrical accessories for controlling lighting equipment are produced by the following companies: Jung, Berker, Livolo and Steinel. Despite their popularity, many developers abandoned this type of product and refocused production on separately installed types of devices.

Comfort and savings of optical switches

The switch, equipped with an infrared sensor, perceives exclusively thermal radiation in the infrared range emanating from the body during movement. Its alternative name is motion or presence sensor.

Optical models with a pyrodetector are designed for infrared radiation with a wavelength of no more than 9 microns. Devices from the Delta reflex series from Siemens are universal. They can be installed both on the ceiling and on the wall and even outdoors

The operation of this device is based on the operation of a sensitive pyroelectric element. The optical system redirects heat rays into a semiconductor receiver surrounded by a plastic storage lens.

The last element is divided into segments. Due to this, the area in front of the IR sensor is divided into sequentially located sensitive and insensitive zones, and, accordingly, visible and blind sectors.

The operating principle of the device is as follows: as soon as a moving thermal object enters the area controlled by the lens, a voltage pulse is generated in the pyrodetector. By means of an amplifier, this signal increases, and the switch turns on the lamps.

When choosing intelligent controller lighting, it is worth paying attention to its technical part. One of the important elements is a mechanism that allows you to delay the time when the lights are turned off. The duration of the shutdown delay phase can be configured to a few seconds or minutes.

The timer function is necessary to eliminate the problem with a person moving into the blind zone of the sensor, when the pyro receiver does not perceive infrared radiation and gives a command to turn off.

If the switch is operated in the sensor mode that detects movement, select a short shutdown delay time; if in presence mode, the period will be longer

To block the operation of the infrared switch during natural daylight, almost all models are equipped with a regulating photosensor, which is installed in one of the positions - operation at dusk or in complete darkness.

Also, manufacturing companies have eliminated the possibility of sensor devices reacting to small objects, such as pets - the model range has been expanded to include IR devices with an additional electronic controller for the strength of thermal radiation, which responds only to the movement of a subject weighing more than 20 kg.

No less interesting is the option with a sophisticated design, represented by B.E.G. motion sensors. Such devices provide an acoustic control channel.When certain sound signals are played - clap, voice command, etc., the lighting equipment turns on.

Read more about how to select and install a motion sensor Further.

The most convenient for home use are infrared switches with a sensitive, narrowly directed element placed on a hinge, with one, two or three free phases. Due to this, it is possible to adjust the required level of height and tilt of the lens view.

Relatively recently, Siemens presented a new series of optical touch switches Delta Reflex. These are universal devices that can be installed in any area of ​​the room, including outdoor ones, with a degree of protection from external adverse factors IP 55.

High-tech models are equipped with a control panel, through which the programming of various functions is reproduced, for example, setting a shutdown delay timer or simulating presence for a given period.

Convenience and practicality inhigh frequency devices

High-frequency touch switches are represented by active type (light) and volume sensors. Structurally, these devices are quite similar to the previous version, but the response principle is significantly different.

The operation of the detector is based on the use of photodiodes. The moment light quanta hit the photosensitive area, the device turns off the lighting equipment. At the same time, its body has a special regulating mechanism, with the help of which the required level of illumination is set.

Such intelligent mechanisms are mostly used for lighting facades. When dusk sets in, they turn on the lights in the area, and when it gets light, they turn them off.

Despite the high degree of protection, light detectors may not work correctly when snow accumulates - having decided that it is dusk, the device turns off the lighting, so the snow must be constantly cleared

Popular models include sensors from German companies Steinel and Osram. Both products installed in place of an old light bulb and individual devices are presented.

Installation is carried out in a break in the electrical circuit that supplies power to lighting devices. The device has a high degree of protection, no less than IP 44.

The operating principle of the volume sensor is based on the emission of weak high-frequency pulses reflected from various pieces of furniture and decor, floors and walls.

Having created a complete picture of the room in the field of reflected microwaves, the light control device inspects it at certain intervals. If a new object appears in the zone, a command is generated and the light turns on; if nothing changes, then the device remains in off mode.

The microwave sensor consists of similar elements as all other types of touch switches. Even externally, these devices are similar, but there are no lenses, and the sensitive element is covered with a plastic cap

The main manufacturer of such devices is the same company Steinel. They are produced as switches installed instead of standard ones or, more expensive models, in the form of table lamps.

Marking and connection details

We will analyze the markings using the example of an electronic switch model VL C701R from Livolo. The modification of the device is indicated by the Latin letters C6, C7, etc.Next is a two-digit number indicating the number of connected lamp groups: 01, 02 and 03.

Explanation of the VL C701R model markings: VL – abbreviated name of the manufacturer; C7 – series; 01 – one controlled line; R – radio remote control

The last letters will indicate additional functionality of the touch switch:

• R – radio control;
• D – dimmer mechanism, allowing for smooth regulation of the degree of illumination;
• S – pass-through switch function;
• T – shutdown timer.

The connection diagram for the touch switch is similar to that for standard single-key device or dimmer.

Just look at the diagram and it becomes obvious that connecting a touch switch does not require additional routing of cores or wires. The example of the VL C701R shows that the installation is carried out instead of a conventional dimmer

According to the above diagram, we connect the red line coming from the shield to the L (In) terminal.

Next, we connect the switching phase, orange in the figure, to terminal L1 (Load). This wire is then directed to one or more groups of lamps.

All customizable parameters of the switch and remote control will be saved even in the absence of power and dead batteries, which is an important aspect

Neutral conductors (N) are assembled into one unit using terminal blocks. Protective conductors (PE) are designed in a similar way.

Whenever possible, it is better to use socket boxes with a sufficient degree of recess for complete installation of both the switch and all wires

After carefully laying the conductors in the niche of the socket box, they proceed to attaching the base of the switch and its overhead glass panel.

Choosing the optimal model

The main determining indicator for the full operation of a touch switching device is the characteristics of the electrical network. The required voltage of 220 V is not suitable for all models. There are options with a deviation of 20-30%.

Therefore, when choosing, you should pay attention to the threshold voltage values ​​indicated in the device characteristics. In case of significant deviations, it will be necessary to additionally install a stabilizer, through which the vibrations will be leveled.

In order for the purchase of an electronic switch to meet all expectations and the device to significantly increase the level of comfort in the room, when choosing, you should take into account the necessary functionality that the device must have

To determine the appropriate model of a sensor product, it is necessary to take into account the priority capabilities that are necessary:

1. Number of light bulb groups, connected to the regulator - there can be one, two or three.
2. Intensity. Some devices are additionally equipped with a dimmer, which changes the current supplied to the light bulbs.
3. Built-in timer. In walk-through models, an automatic shutdown timer is installed that operates after a specified time. These devices are mostly used for corridors and staircases.
4. Control method. It all depends solely on the preferences of the buyer. Eat remote controlled devices, touch, sound, etc.

Having decided on the set of necessary functions, you should choose one of the presented manufacturers.The price category of devices is not cheap, therefore, when purchasing a low-cost product, you may encounter a low-quality analogue.

The Belgian brand Basalte is focused on luxury products. The Deseo model is the embodiment of multifunctionality and sophisticated design. Almost all products have LED backlighting

The Belgian company Basalte produces high-quality touch control devices. The developments are focused on consumers with the highest demands.

Elite models are distinguished not only by their original design, but also by one of the highest price categories. Nevertheless, the cost is fully compensated by ease of use, the presence of various functions and simple adjustments.

Despite the fact that many buyers are biased towards Chinese products, Livolo was able to prove the quality characteristics of its products

Among the Chinese representatives, the company Livolo is noted. The main advantages of touch switches of this brand are the affordable cost of products and original design solutions for home improvement that can emphasize individuality.

At the same time, the range is not limited to technically simple models. It is also worth noting the constant replenishment of the assortment.

We also recommend reading our other material, where we talked in detail about how to independently assemble a touch switch.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

If you decide to turn your home into an intelligent one, you should use tips for choosing electronic models. About this in the story:

Having decided on the model and the necessary functions, it is important to figure out how to reproduce the connection:

Despite the high price category, touch switching devices are equipped with such powerful functionality, which is quite enough to equip a smart home system. Having selected and purchased a suitable model that meets your needs, you can make the connection yourself.

Do you have personal experience using touch switches for lights? Please share it with our website visitors. Tell us about the advantages and disadvantages of such devices that you noticed. Write comments in the block below the article.