Septic tanks "Chistok": design, principle of operation, review of popular modifications
Installing a septic tank for suburban housing has become as traditional as installing a water supply system or installing a heating system at home.The demand for treatment facilities has led to the development of the autonomous sewerage market and the emergence of new brands.
One of them is called the Septic tank “Chistok” and operates through anaerobic processing of sewage waste. We suggest you understand the structure, operating principle, operational advantages and disadvantages of the treatment plant.
To make it easier to navigate the choice of a suitable septic tank, we have prepared a detailed overview of the various modifications of “Chistok”. The information presented will help you decide on the purchase of a treatment device and the organization of an autonomous sewage system on the site.
The content of the article:
Design and principle of operation
The design of the device is not much different from analogues of other brands: these are monolithic thick-walled plastic tanks, divided into 2-3 chambers, each of which performs a specific function.
Depending on the performance, the installation may consist of one, two or even three tanks connected in series.
The main operating “weapons” are anaerobic bacteria, which develop in the complete absence of oxygen, that is, in sealed containers.
They are found in varying quantities in both chambers: in the first, where primary fermentation and settling occur, and in the second, which is a biofilter. Filtration is ensured by loading of synthetic fabric “Algae” and polymer fibers of the “Ruff” type.
Sewage goes through several stages of processing, as a result of which it is purified by 90-95%. First, they enter a settling tank, where mechanical separation and partial fermentation of the waste occurs.
Solid elements fall to the bottom and form sediment, fatty masses float to the surface and turn into a crust. The main part consists of “gray” waters, which have not yet gotten rid of suspended matter and flow into the next chamber.
Inside the second chamber, water comes under the influence of microflora, which increases the rate of fermentation. Bacteria perform the final cleaning of the septic tank; suspended matter remains at the bottom and filters.
Next, the liquid enters the filter well, trench or filter field, where oxygen is present and aerobic microorganisms begin to work.
Thus, the operation of the Chistok septic tank is based on the same principles as the use of similar anaerobic type installations.
Characteristic qualities of Chistok installations
The quality of operation of a treatment plant is judged both by the manufacturer’s warranty and by user reviews. Let's consider the assessments of both sides.
The manufacturer highlights the following advantages of the treatment plant:
- structural strength – the containers are made of polyethylene, and the thick walls are formed in a seamless manner, which guarantees tightness and resistance to external influences;
- ergonomics – the septic tank is designed according to the principle of “compactness + maximum functionality + ease of maintenance”;
- reliability — resistance to volumetric salvo emissions;
- quality of liquid purification with a biofilter – two types of filter material (“Algae” and “Ruff”), as well as an increased loading volume, increase cleaning efficiency;
- durability — the warranty period is 50 years.
Users quickly appreciated the advantage of the lack of energy dependence.
With the anaerobic cleaning principle, equipment that requires power supply (for example, a compressor) is not installed, therefore, the device will always work, even during power outages. An important advantage is the low cost of a completely ready-to-use structure.
The disadvantages include the need for regular pumping. The frequency depends on the rate of pollution. After each pumping, the vacated space should be filled with water.
Also considered a disadvantage is the need to install an additional cleaning device - filtration well or infiltrator, but this point applies to most types of VOCs.
Guidelines for choosing a suitable modification
The choice of treatment plant depends on its volume and productivity.So that users do not waste time on calculations, the manufacturer analyzed important factors - the number of permanent residents and the presence of sewage discharge points - and compiled a convenient table.
How is the choice made? Suppose a family of 4 lives in a country cottage. The house has two bathrooms, a kitchen and two toilets. Guests visit only on weekends.
Manufacturer's recommendation – Shoes-3000. However, if the mother-in-law comes to visit for six months or there are 2 children in the family - newborn twin babies, it is better to establish Shoes-4000.
The increased volume also means additional protection against volley discharges, and increased time intervals between visits to the sewer trucks.
There are rules and recommendations according to which you can pick up a septic tankwithout performing super complex calculations:
Review of popular models
The model range of Chistok septic tanks is designed taking into account the various requirements of potential buyers. Let's consider modifications that are in demand and arouse the interest of a larger number of residents of cottage and holiday villages that do not have a centralized sewerage system.
Cleaning Shar-1100 - a compact summer cottage option
For owners of small summer cottages who do not leave their cozy property even in the cold season, a model with a volume of 1100 liters is provided. Capacity 350 l/day. designed for a family of 1-2 people, with economical water consumption - of 3-4 people.
Name "Ball" The model received due to the shape of the case. The spherical tank made of durable plastic has a diameter of 1.366 m and a height of 1.753 m (with an extended neck - a little more). The weight of the container is only 70 kg (about the same as a washing machine). This means that it is easy to transport and install.
Instead of one infiltrator, you can install a pair or dig a filter well.
Despite the fact that the purification process takes place in a compact container, the wastewater goes through all stages:
- settling in the first chamber with separation of solids and floating of fat;
- organic matter fermentation and partial clarification;
- anaerobic digestion in a flat loading chamber;
- post-treatment in a well or infiltrator.
The last stage is mandatory, since even the presence of a biofilter does not guarantee complete purification of sewage. Direct release of liquid into the ground will result in pollution that is undesirable for the garden plot.
If you properly equip the pit and follow all installation rules, the septic tank will last at least 50 years. The cost of the model, as well as the volume, is the minimum in the line of modifications - 20,280 rubles.
Chistok-2000 is the optimal solution for a small family
Like the “Ball” model, septic tank Purges-2000 used as the main element of the sewer system in dachas and country houses, and also as a temporary solution during the construction of large facilities.
Distinctive features of the Chistok-2000 treatment plant are the following:
- tank body shape – cylindrical or cubic;
- productivity – 800 l/day;
- weight – 125 kg;
- two technical hatches;
- double filtration.
Compared to the "Ball", Chistok-2000 has a more complex design. Due to the increased load, the second chamber is equipped with two types of filters - polymer “ruffs” and fabric strips. Double treatment of wastewater provides more effective treatment.
The well-thought-out configuration of the body prevents the structure from being pushed upward due to possible ground movement.
The installation package includes the following parts:
- a 2000 liter tank with two pipes located on opposite sides;
- two types of filters - housing with loading + fabric;
- one ring - 30 cm;
- Luke;
- filter retainer;
- stub;
- separation membrane.
The cost of the device is 34,280 rubles. This model is suitable for various families with from 2 to 6 people.
When choosing, you should focus on water consumption and the amount of daily waste. For example, with active use of a toilet, sink and bathtub (or shower), the volume is enough for 2-3 users, but if you spend water more economically and use only the toilet and sink (country option), then the septic tank is suitable for 6 people.
Chistok-3000 – a universal model for a cottage
The manufacturer stated that the septic tank Shoes-3000 Can serve a family of 5-6 people.
The reasoning is the technical characteristics:
- working volume – 3000 l;
- productivity – up to 1200 l/day;
- weight – 188 kg;
- dimensions – 2.35 m*1.3 m*1.65 m (LxWxH).
Indeed, a structure with a capacity of more than 1000 l/day. easily recycles waste from a large family, even if all residents of the cottage actively use the toilet, bathtub and shower, regularly wash dishes and do laundry.
If water is used economically or some family members do not live permanently, the installation is suitable for serving 10 people. This should be taken into account by hospitable owners of country houses, within whose walls large groups of friends often gather.
It is appropriate to note that professional installation sharply increases the cost of a treatment plant: instead of 45,400 rubles. you will have to pay 87,480 rubles. – almost 2 times more.
Together with the 3000 liter model, 1 or 2 infiltrators (purchased separately) or a filter well are often installed. The installation of a drainage well by the company’s specialists will increase the total cost by another 15,000 rubles.
Chistok-4000 – modification of 2 tanks
Treatment plant with a volume Shoes-4000 designed for 6-7 permanent residents.
Large families are not such a common occurrence, so these models are purchased to serve 2 houses or one full-fledged property, on the territory of which, in addition to the cottage, there are buildings that require a sewer connection: a bathhouse, a summer kitchen, a large garage.
A distinctive feature of the modification is the presence of two tanks instead of one. Thus, the functions of two chambers inside one container, separated by a membrane, are divided into two externally identical devices. In the first, sedimentation of sewage waste occurs, in the second, further sedimentation of suspended matter and double filtration occur.
The use of two tanks leads to an increase in productivity up to 1800 l/day. The length increases to 3.6 m, therefore, a large (elongated) pit is required.The cost of installation without installation and additional structures is 51,740 rubles.
Chistok-9000 – service of mini-hotels and sports centers
To complete the review of the line, we will analyze the technical characteristics of the largest model – the septic tank Shoes-9000, consisting of three tanks.
The first two tanks are intended for settling wastewater, the third serves as a biofilter. Installation capacity – 2600 l/day, length – 7 m, weight – 496 kg.
The structure is being installed to serve houses in which 16-18 people permanently live. These are small hotels, country sports centers or groups of cottages. The cost of modification is 86,160 rubles, with installation – 176,220 rubles, with three infiltrators – 211,860 rubles, with a drainage well (1000 l) – 198,000 rubles.
Nuances of installation and operation
Proper installation ensures long-term operation and operation of the unit without repairs.
It includes the following steps:
- excavation work - digging and backfilling a pit;
- if necessary, installation and leveling of the concrete base;
- installation and “anchoring” of a septic tank;
- setting up and connecting the installation.
All actions are carried out independently or they enter into a service agreement with company representatives. Maintenance is expensive, but guarantees professional installation of equipment, cleaning and solid waste removal for 3 years.
Self-care involves regularly cleaning the sludge that accumulates on the bottom and walls of the tanks over time.It is recommended to leave about 20% activated sludge so that microorganisms multiply faster and fully process organic matter.
Special tactics are followed when servicing a septic tank in winter; more details in this article.
If for some reason the bacteria die (chlorine ingress), it is possible to use bioactivators for the septic tank, for example, the drug "Doctor Robik".
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
What various modifications of a septic tank may look like:
Biofilter cross-section and housing wall thickness:
Thus, all Cleaning models are designed for cleaning wastewater within an autonomous sewer system. Thanks to the manufacturing material – high-strength polyethylene – the installations operate successfully in various regions of Russia even in the winter season.
The model range consists of a dozen modifications that differ in design and performance, so choosing a suitable septic tank is not difficult.
Are you looking for a septic tank for a summer house, country house or cottage complex? Or do you have experience in operating the Chistok treatment facilities? Please share your experiences with readers, ask questions and participate in discussions. The comment form is located below.
