Light switch with dimmer: device, selection criteria and review of manufacturers
Over time, household appliances undergo changes, becoming safer and more comfortable to use. Relatively recently, dimmers - devices that change the power of lamps - have come into wide use.
Particularly easy to use is a light switch with a brightness control - a device that is practically no different in appearance from a conventional device.
Let's look together at the design features of devices with a regulator, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as connection options.
The content of the article:
Design of a switch with a dimmer
A dimmer is a special device whose purpose is to gradually regulate the level of artificial lighting. By using dimmer you can transform a room by creating twilight or flooding it with light.
The first mechanical device was patented in the 1890s in the United States. It was used to gradually darken the theater hall.
The range of options for modern devices is much wider. They can be programmed to turn off automatically by setting a timer, or set to simulate the effect of presence. This involves turning on/off, as well as changing the brightness of the light for a certain time, for example, a day, according to a given mode.
Versions of devices that allow remote or voice control have also become widespread. All these dimmers fit perfectly into the “smart home” system and play an important role in it.
Models of dimmer switches
The specialized market offers a wide range of models that can be classified based on various criteria:
- operating principle;
- design features;
- adjustment equipment;
- compatibility with different types of lamps.
Let us consider the listed classifications in more detail.
Thermostat and triac dimmers
Based on the principle of operation, all equipment can be divided into two fundamentally different large groups.
Dimmers based on rheostat
Originally, dimmers were made using a series of resistors. By changing the resistance using a lever, it was possible to adjust the lighting. As this indicator increased, the current strength dropped and the light in the lamp became weaker. Conversely, by reducing the resistance, it was possible to increase the luminous flux.
Such devices have a fairly simple design, but dimmers vary from manufacturer to manufacturer due to the build quality and components used. This variability affects the stability of operation (especially at low voltage) and smooth operation.
Rheostatic dimmers convert light energy into heat, so their use practically does not reduce electricity costs.
Triac-based dimmers
A more modern option are devices made on the basis of a triac (triac), a semiconductor device.
The operating principle of such devices is as follows. To turn on the lamp, current must pass through the triac, that is, a certain voltage must be created between the electrodes. This is achieved by recharging the capacitor from the potentiometer R, while the latter will change the phase angle.
As soon as the voltage on the capacitor reaches a certain value, the triac will open, allowing electric current to pass through it. At the same time, the resistance of the device drops, which is why the light bulb will burn stronger. A similar process is observed with both positive and negative half-waves. This is explained by the symmetry of the diac and triac, for which it does not matter in which direction the electron flow flows.
The voltage across the active load is an alternation of positive and negative half-waves, which follow alternately with a frequency of 100 Hz. Due to the extremely short sections at low voltage, flicker can be observed, which is absent from rheostatic dimmers, as well as dimmers equipped with frequency converters.
Design features of dimmers
Based on design features, several types of devices can be distinguished, the most common of which are modular, monoblock and boxed.
Modular dimmers
Electrical distribution panels are usually equipped with dimmers of this type. Such devices are perfectly combined with incandescent lamps and halogen devices, equipped with step-down transformers.
Such devices are controlled using a key or button. By quickly pressing them, the user turns the lamp on or off, and by holding the finger for five or more seconds. gets the opportunity to use the light flux control mode.
Dimmers for installation in a mounting box
Such dimmers are mounted in boxes that are used for switches and sockets. The devices can be combined with incandescent lamps and halogen devices, regardless of whether they are equipped with electronic or step-down transformers that provide a capacitive or inductive load.
To control dimmers of this type, a button that is mounted on top of the installed device is sufficient. The device is installed in the same way as a traditional switch, strictly observing polarity.
You can read more about how to choose a dimmer for incandescent lamps in this material.
Monoblock devices and their types
Such devices are a complete unit, installed in a mounting box in the same way as a traditional switch. To install such a device, you must first take care of the installation socket, the size of which depends on the parameters of the dimmer (the size range starts from 26 mm).
Dimmers of this type are especially recommended for installation in thin partitions, where due to insufficient wall thickness it is difficult to place conventional fixtures. The difference between monoblocks and the previous category of devices lies in the two-wire connection, which is why it is included in the open phase circuit of the load.
In turn, considering the method of regulating monoblock devices, we can also distinguish several varieties:
- push-turn;
- keyboards;
- rotary;
- sensory;
- remote.
These options are presented below.
Turning on the push-and-turn devices is done by pressing the key handle, while its rotation allows you to adjust the light level.
Dimmer and lamp compatibility
When choosing dimmers, you need to pay attention to the types of lighting fixtures for which they are intended.
Almost any device is suitable for incandescent and halogen lamps designed for standard voltage. It is only important to remember that as the voltage decreases, the color of the light flux will change. At low voltage it has a reddish tint, which is not only unpleasant, but also harmful to the eyes.
To regulate low voltage halogen devices (12-24 V), devices compatible with step-down transformers (RL) are suitable. If an electronic transformer is assumed, it is recommended to give preference to the dimmer model marked C.
Regulating devices for low-voltage light sources are usually equipped with mechanisms that provide smooth switching on/off. It is important to keep in mind that such devices are especially sensitive to changes in mains voltage, which can lead to a significant reduction in the operating period.
Dimmers for high-voltage electrical circuits are most often used to regulate the brightness level of theater halls. Since this involves significant energy consumption, it is important to ensure that the dimmer model you choose is rated for heavy loads.
The design of switches with regulators intended for fluorescent lighting sources includes a special starting device for converting the supply frequency in the range of 20-59 kHz. This allows you to change the value of the current passing through the circuit, which allows you to influence the brightness level of the lamps.
The operation of dimmers used for LED lamps is based on the pulse-width modulation method. The degree of power of the light flux is adjusted by changing the duration of the current pulses, which are supplied to the LEDs with an optimally adjusted amplitude. Thanks to the high frequency of the supplied pulses, reaching 0.3 MHz, flickering of lamps, which is harmful to vision, is eliminated.
You can learn about the features of dimmers and their compatibility with various lighting devices by markings that are applied to such devices:
- The Latin letter R printed on the dimmer indicates that it can be used to adjust light in incandescent lamps with an “Ohm” or “Resistive” load.
- Designation with the letter L allows operation with transformers that reduce voltage and inductive loads.
- The Latin letter C indicates that the device can be combined with electronic transformers (“Capacitive” load).
A special symbol, indicating that lighting adjustment is permitted, is also placed on fluorescent and energy-saving lamps.
Advantages and disadvantages of dimmers
The advantages of various types of switches with regulators include smooth start-up of the lighting system, which can significantly increase the service life of lighting fixtures (the service life of incandescent lamps in this case increases to 40%).
Such devices create endless possibilities for interior design. With their help, it is easy to highlight a selected area and create interesting light patterns. A valuable quality of dimmers is also the ability to control light sources remotely or using sounds.
However, such devices also have their drawbacks. Dimmers can only be used to control light sources whose power corresponds to that of the device. Due to the characteristics of the output voltage, step-down transformers may not work correctly.
The devices may generate electromagnetic interference, which may interfere with the operation of radios and other devices. Certain types of lamps (especially those equipped with additional devices - electronic ballasts, drivers) in principle cannot be combined with dimmers. The efficiency of dimmers when working with incandescent lamps is quite low. Lowering the brightness of the lamps has little effect on the consumption of electricity, which turns into heat instead of light.
Three main connection schemes
Dimmers are built into the power supply circuit, which allows these devices to regulate the voltage supplied to the lighting devices.In this case, several installation schemes are possible.
A typical option, which is especially recommended for connecting rheostatic and sensor devices, is a device controlled from one place.
In bedrooms, two-way adjustment is often used. In this case, one device is mounted near the bed, the other is connected at the entrance, which allows you to change the brightness of the lighting while lying in bed.
The universal scheme involves regulation from one place, and control from two. With this option, a switch is installed at the entrance, while control devices are located in two different areas of the room.
In spacious rooms (especially elongated ones), it is recommended to use a scheme in which adjustment is also made from one place, and control from three. In this case, it is advisable to use pass-through light controllers, which allow you to turn on the lamp in a certain area of the room, while simultaneously turning off the lighting fixtures in other areas.
Let's consider a number of the most popular options for connecting dimmers: directly to the switch, built-in type and with an external button.
The dimmer is connected to the switch
To perform installation, you must turn off the electrical current. After making sure that it does not touch the terminals of the device, you need to remove the switch. First of all, the cover of the device (one- or two-key panel) covering the connecting elements is removed.
Then use a screwdriver to loosen the fastening screws, after which the structure is carefully removed from the wall.In this case, it is necessary to monitor the integrity of the insulating coating of the wires. If it is accidentally broken, you should immediately wrap the damage with insulation tape. The final step is to disconnect the wires from the terminals.
After this, you can start installing the dimmer. Wires are connected to the terminals of the device, then the fasteners are checked for strength. It should be noted that the section of the wire protruding beyond the terminal should be exposed no more than 0.3 cm. The excess end can be cut off or insulated.
Without damaging the insulation of the wires, you should place the dimmer in the place where the switch was located. The device is pressed against the wall and fixed with screws. All other parts of the structure are also connected to the dimmer.
After completing the work, you need to turn on the electric current and try the process of adjusting the light to check the correct functioning of the device.
Connecting a switch with a built-in dimmer
On sale you can often find switches, the design of which involves a built-in element that regulates the brightness of the light. Their installation is no different from the installation of a conventional device.
A switch is inserted into a hole specially made in the wall, from which the top cover is first removed. The structure is connected to the wiring and secured with bolts. As in the previous case, it is necessary to control the quality of work: after turning on the electricity, the device must allow dimming of the lighting.
Connecting a device with a remote button
For the bedroom, it is very convenient to connect a dimmer simultaneously with a simple switch, while the dimmer is installed near the bed to regulate the level of lighting directly from the bed.
The kit of such a device includes additional control buttons, which can be installed at a distance of up to 50 meters from the regulator.
To install the device, the phase wire is connected to the regulator terminal No. 1 and the first terminals of the remote buttons. From the second terminals of the remote buttons, the wire is transferred to terminal B of the regulator. The load is connected to terminal No. 2 of the dimmer and the neutral wire N.
We also recommend that you read the step-by-step instructions for connecting a dimmer. More details - go to link.
Leading dimmer manufacturers
Switches that have a light control function are included in the catalogs of many companies specializing in the production of electrical equipment. Let's name just a few of them.
Schneider Electric (France). Power engineering company founded back in 1836. Branded dimmers (Unica, Merten) are distinguished by both good build quality and an impressive design (streamlined shape, wide range of colors), thanks to which they serve as interior decoration.
Teco. The Czech company Teco began operations in 1919, establishing the production of equipment for telegraphs and telephony. It is currently the world's leading manufacturer of sensors, touch buttons and similar devices. A large place in the catalog is given to dimmers, which impress with their combination of excellent performance characteristics and affordable cost.
Jung. A family-owned German company with more than a century of history, it offers a wide range of electrical products and specialized equipment, including dimmers. All products of the enterprise are characterized by high technical parameters, functionality, excellent build quality and components used, as well as a proven design.
Legrand. The French company, created in 1886, is currently a leader in the production of electrical equipment. The company's products are used for domestic and industrial purposes; administrative buildings are also equipped with them.
The company pays great attention to the development of innovative technologies, conducting its own scientific research. The company produces high-tech models of dimmers that fit perfectly into systems "Smart House".
Gira (Germany). The German company, founded in 1905, currently has representative offices in 37 countries around the world, including Russia. The company is characterized by a quick response to consumer requests.
Tireless monitoring of the specialized market, as well as the existing production and scientific base, helps to achieve this. Dimmers produced by the company are characterized by a universal classic design and impeccable quality, which guarantees long-term use.
In addition, high-quality models from other brands are also available on the market, for example, the German concern Siemens or the Polish company Godiva.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
In the video you can hear a specialist’s opinion about the most popular models of switches with different types of dimmers, as well as connection tips:
How to install a key dimmer with your own hands:
About the interaction of dimmers and lamps:
A dimmer, with which you can change the brightness level of the lighting, is a comfortable device that allows you to create a cozy atmosphere in the room and reduce energy consumption. The presented range of such products is quite wide.In order not to make a mistake in your choice, you need to take into account the power of the lamps with which it will be combined, the design features of the device, its planned placement, as well as the appearance of the device.
Do you have interesting information on the topic of the article that you can share with our readers? Please leave your comments, share your experience, and ask questions in the block below.
Of course, you can live without such a regulator, but it is much more convenient with it. There is no need to install many lamps and fixtures, several chandeliers, and switches throughout the house or apartment. All brightness can be adjusted with one small adjustment. Moreover, they have a very nice design; they can fit into any interior without any problems. For me, this is a good addition to a comfortable stay.
I don’t quite understand, Natalia, this part of your review - “You don’t need to install a lot of lamps and fixtures... the brightness can be adjusted with a small device.”
Let me explain: the dimmer is mounted in the circuit of a specific light source - I mean a chandelier, lamp, lamp, etc. All home lighting is not regulated by it. Of course, there are multi-channel regulators, but that's a completely different story.
A dimmer, also known as a light bulb brightness control, is a very convenient thing. I installed this in the nursery because... Sometimes the child is afraid to sleep alone in the dark, so we leave the light dim. It’s also useful when you need to pick up something and he’s already asleep. The dimmer was installed by a Turkish one, it seems, by Makel or something like that. There were no problems with the installation, there was nothing complicated in its installation.
I'm looking for a paired dimmer and a regular switch. Tell me where I can find it